JOHN YANG: Tonight on "PBS News Weekend," Secretary of State Anthony Blinken visits earthquake ravaged Turkey where search and rescue efforts are winding down.

ANTONY BLINKEN, U.S. Secretary of State: When you see the extent of the damage, the number of buildings, the number of apartments the number of homes that have been destroyed when you take a massive effort to rebuild, but simply because the United States is here.

JOHN YANG: Then is some companies consider switching to a four day workweek.

The arguments for and against the change.

And Stephanie Sy speaks with Howard University's swimming coach on the success of the oldest swim team at a historically black college.

(BREAK) JOHN YANG: Good evening.

Iúm John Yang.

Secretary of State Antony Blinken is in Turkey tonight for a firsthand look at the devastation from the earthquakes that hit the region nearly two weeks ago.

Blinken took with him a U.S. pledge of an additional $100 million in disaster aid to help the country rebuild.

Words of consolation for the Turkish foreign minister before the two headed out on a helicopter tour of the destruction in southern Turkey.

BLINKEN: Itús really hard to put into words you see buildings still standing and then buildings collapse.

The search and rescue, unfortunately is coming to an end to recovery operation is on and then thereúll be a massive rebuilding.

JOHN YANG: But that rebuilding effort canút start until mountains of debris are cleared away.

Tens of thousands of buildings were destroyed.

And that work is slow as bulldozer operators sift through debris for bodies hoping to give grieving families a sense of closure.

AKIN BOZKURT, Bulldozer Operator (through translator): Itús very important for our people to have a grave.

A family says find a piece of them so we can have a grave.

JOHN YANG: Nearly two weeks after the quakeús hit, the death toll is still climbing and workers are finding fewer and fewer signs of life under the rubble.

And an untold number of people are still unaccounted for.

In Syria aid has been slow to arrive and held up at the border.

Some families have banded together.

MUTEIAH SHEHADA, Earthquake Survivor (through translator): Before we were four families in one house.

Now we are some 12 families.

We uncover ourselves to keep them warm.

We offer them anything we can.

Our home didnút collapse.

It was just damaged.

Thank God.

JOHN YANG: The World Health Organization estimates 26 million people urgently need help with shelter, medicine and psychological support.

Survivors in both Syria and Turkey experienced enormous trauma.

17 year old Taha Erdem thought he would die beneath the rubble.

TAHA ERDEM, Earthquake Survivor (through translator): I think this is the last video I will ever shoot for you.

I am dead if I am not wrong.

JOHN YANG: His family was trapped nearby.

ZELIHA ERDEM, Earthquake Survivor (through translator): When I was under the rubble, I was yelling Taha, Taha, neither my voice was going across to Taha nor was Tahaús voice coming across to me.

JOHN YANG: All the Erdem children survived, but many others did not.

One activist honored them with balloons.

OGUN SEVER OKUR, Activist (through translator): I wanted this activity to be called my last present to children.

Every time we try a balloon my heart hurts.

We have tried 1,000, 1,500 balloons so far, but we will hopefully continue until we reach all parts of the city until we reach every home of the children who lost their lives.

JOHN YANG: Balloons are for the living too that this humanitarian camp young survivors played with volunteers this weekend and learn to cope with all theyúve lost.

In the nearby Syrian capital of Damascus state media says that Israeli airstrikes on residential areas have left at least five people dead and more than a dozen wounded.

The strikes destroyed several apartment buildings and left a gaping crater in a street.

Emergency responders comb through the rubble for survivors.

Thereús been no Israeli comment but Israeli has previously acknowledged targeting Iranian backed militant groups in Syria.

In Memphis, Tennessee, one person is dead and 10 others injured in a pair of overnight shootings.

Police believe the two incidents are connected.

No arrests have been made but police have identified several persons of interest.

Memphis is the city still on edge after last monthús fatal police beating of Tyre Nichols and the incident adds to the mass shootings across the country in recent days.

Six people were killed and one injured in rural Mississippi on Friday.

Three students died and five were injured on Michigan State Universityús campus Monday night.

Michigan State resumes classes tomorrow despite some calls for delay, and actor Richard Belzer has died.

Belzer began his career as a stand-up comedian but he became better known as the wisecracking TV police detective John Munch on Homicide Life on the Street and Law and Order SVU.

MAN: You had one hell of a run Sergeant Munch.

RICHARD BELZER, ACTOR: Did I?

I donút know where it all went.

MAN: My friend.

JOHN YANG: Richard Belzer was 78 years old.

Still to come on "PBS News Weekend," the selling of personal data collected by mental health apps, and a conversation with the coach of the last remaining swim team at an historically black college.

(BREAK) JOHN YANG: In 1926, Henry Ford instituted a five-day 40 hour workweek, with no loss of pay for having Saturdayús off whatús now the standard in American workplaces.

Now thereús a push to consider a four-day 32 hour work week, again with no loss in pay.

But how practical is that?

Earlier, I spoke with Daniel Hamermesh, an economist at the University of Texas and Joe OúConnor who helped develop an international pilot program to test a four-day work week.

I asked OúConnor about the results of that pilot program.

JOE OúCONNOR, Work Time Reduction Center Of Excellence: A four-day week is a good idea, because weúve seen in the trials that have taken place in the United States, in the United Kingdom, and elsewhere all over the world over the course of the last year that most of the companies participating in those trials have said they plan on making the policy permanent, their revenue has either remained stable or has increased during the trial.

And theyúve experienced that their productivity has been able to be maintained, and in many cases even improved.

Unsurprisingly, we saw improvements across a whole range of different wellbeing indicators amongst employees that participated in the trials, but itús something that can actually be better for business too.

JOHN YANG: Daniel Hamermesh.

Is there a cost to this?

DANIEL HAMERMESH, Professor Emeritus, University of Texas at Austin: I think there is I canút believe that if in fact this were applied universally, even fairly broadly, that we wouldnút see a substantial decline in output and a substantial resulting decline in peopleús incomes.

If employers could do this, my question is, why havenút they done this?

Everybody would win.

I just donút think they can very broadly.

JOHN YANG: Joe, what do you say to that?

Loss of output and loss of income.

JOE OúCONNOR: So I would agree with Daniel that this is very much not a one size fits all model.

Iúm not arguing that the four-day week, nine to five should become the new normal everywhere because as we know, there are many sectors, many industries many companies that donút have a five-day nine to five.

What Iúm arguing is that most companies today who operate on a five-day nine to five basis could move to a four day week without necessarily needing to increase headcount and without necessarily damaging on their business performance priorities or productivity.

When they attack inefficiencies like overlong and unnecessary meetings, distractions in the workday, processes that are outdated or inefficient and poor use of technology that they can go a long way to offering it shorter workweek to their employees without undermining the bottom line.

JOHN YANG: What about Daniels other point that if this is such a great idea, why havenút businesses already done?

JOE OúCONNOR: Well, the reason why businesses havenút done it is that before the pandemic, it wasnút acceptable in society or in business, this idea that you could run a global company from your kitchen table, this idea that you could be as productive at home as you could be in the office.

And it took a big game changer like the pandemic to dislodge a lot of these cultural and societal norms.

I believe the same is true with the shorter working week, this has opened the eyes of leaders and managers that there are different ways of working that are possible.

JOHN YANG: Dan, you say itús a trade off?

Where do the benefits become so great, that they outweigh the loss of productivity and the loss of income?

Or do they?

DANIEL HAMERMESH: It depends on peopleús preferences, some people might be willing to take a letús say, five or 8 percent, cut and then come to have an extra 20 percent of leisure time.

But the point is that there are a lot of industries as Joe would acknowledge, where this doesnút work, manufacturing cars on an assembly line, which is the archetypal model we have, I donút see why working fewer hours is going to get any more.

And I think substantially less output.

One other thing to stress, though, and Joe is right, thereús been a huge trend already before the pandemic toward more four-day work.

And they went from 1 percent in 1973, to over 6 percent in 2018.

And I fully expect it to go up and Joeús organization flustering that I think itús a good thing if we can do it.

JOHN YANG: Joe, there are some models in the United States where itús a compressed week, itús four days, but 40 hours.

What do you think about that?

JOE OúCONNOR: The difficulty I would have with that model, and a lot of cases, particularly when youúre talking about knowledge based or, you know, work that used to be maybe primarily office based now is hybrid or remote.

Iúm not persuaded or convinced that people are as productive in their ninth or 10th hour on a Wednesday necessarily as they might be in their first or second hour on a Friday.

Iúm also not persuaded that, from a burnout perspective that people are likely to be better rested after 14 hour days than they might be after five, eight hour days.

So I think the research is not conclusive that this is something that necessarily in lots of job types is good for business and good for people.

And the other point I would make is that it overlooks the power of the incentive, the ability to be able to get some of their time back in exchange for the same pay, that people are incredibly focused and motivated and driven while theyúre at work in order to achieve the goals and the targets of the company.

JOHN YANG: Daniel, what do you say to that, especially his point about efficiency, and productivity actually sort of having diminishing returns?

DANIEL HAMERMESH: I think heús quite correct on that, that it does.

On the other hand, even a 10-hour a day, for ninth and 10th hours, people are not doing nothing.

So I think this would keep up almost the output we now have.

But the crucial point to note is that people like bunching leisure.

In some industries, itús been very successful in medical hospitals for 12 hour days, three days a week, thatús a full time.

And that bunches very well it accords very well with the demands of clients not to have the patient shifted from one nurse or one doctor to the next three times a day.

So I think all of this depends on what is appropriate.

I doubt that many industries were in fact, four days, eight hours a day, believe us as well off.

JOHN YANG: Daniel Hamermesh at the University of Texas and Joe OúConnor, the Work Time Production Center of Excellence.

Thank you both very much.

JOE OúCONNOR: Thank you.

T DANIEL HAMERMESH: Thanks for having me.

JOHN YANG: There are thousands of mental health apps available on your phone or computer.

They promise all kinds of services including virtual therapy sessions, mood trackers, and meditation guides.

They can be helpful and affordable tools.

But what happens with userús personal information.

William Brangham has more.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: Demand for mental health care soared during the pandemic, and many Americans turn to these software-based virtual health and wellness apps for care.

To sign up, users are often asked to fill out their personal and medical histories and answer mental health surveys much like you would at a doctorús office.

But there is little federal oversight to keep that data private.

A recent report from Duke University found that data brokers were selling information that identified people by their mental health diagnoses, including depression, anxiety, and bipolar disorder.

Many brokers removed personal information, but some included names and even addresses of individuals seeking care.

Justin Sherman is a Senior Fellow at Duke Sanford School of Public Policy.

He runs their data brokerage project and oversaw this recent report.

Justin, thank you so much for being here.

I imagine that people would be quite alarmed to know that data brokers were out there selling this information, especially if it was connected to their names.

Can you give us a sense of how specific is the data that is being sold?

JUSTIN SHERMAN, Senior Fellow, Duke Sanford School of Public Policy: Absolutely, we uncovered data brokers selling a range of data about all kinds of mental health conditions dealt with by Americans ranging from depression and anxiety to PTSD, OCD, people battling trauma, and even actually, people who had suffered strokes, if you imagine, you know, a spreadsheet with rows, right?

Perhaps it was something like how many people in a zip code do we think have depression, and they might have the underlying data, but the broker was not itself selling peopleús names.

We also found cases though, where there would be names attached, there would be address information or email, information, and even data on race and ethnicity.

And how many children are in the home?

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: Can you just help me understand this marketplace?

What is the value of selling this information and then reselling it on the marketplace?

JUSTIN SHERMAN: The reality is that most Americans assume that their health data is protected anywhere, everywhere all the time.

But unfortunately, thatús just not true.

There are a range of companies who are not covered by the narrow health privacy regulations we have.

And so they are free legally to collect and even share and sell this kind of health data, which enables a range of companies who canút get at this normally, advertising firms, Big Pharma, even health insurance companies to buy up this data and mass to do things like run ads, to profile consumers to make determinations potentially about health plan pricing.

And the data brokers enable these companies to get around health regulations.

To get that information in the first place.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: Letús just say someone is watching this or reads your report and is concerned that they might have some information out there that they want to protect, can they call the companies and say, do not share it?

Can they get those companies to delete that data?

What can a consumer do to protect themselves?

JUSTIN SHERMAN: There are some places in the United States where consumer can tell a company in certain scenarios to not sell their information.

California, for example, under its state privacy rules, allows consumers to do this.

But not every state has these rules.

We donút have these rules federally to apply across the country.

And the real challenge here is that most people arenút aware of this data is being collected and sold on them in the first place.

And even if you knew it was would you know every data broker to go to, to tell them to stop selling the information?

Right.

So, the obscurity of the marketplace and the fact that many of these companies operate in the shadows, makes it really, really hard for consumers themselves to be able to do anything without stronger privacy regulations from the government.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: Do you know of any, any initiatives or effort by the government to try to tighten those privacy regulations?

JUSTIN SHERMAN: There are some efforts underway.

So the Federal Trade Commission, the FTC, for example, I recently took action against GoodRx, which is a large online prescription provider and telehealth company.

Because GoodRx was falsely advertising to its users that it was regulated by health privacy laws when it wasnút.

And it was secretly sharing userús health data with Facebook and Google and other companies.

And so there is some space for regulators to come in and say, this is deceptive to consumers.

This is not something that should be happening.

There have also been a couple of bills at the federal level to address this.

But we still have these privacy battles ongoing in Congress.

And itús an open question.

You know if weúre going to get there.

WILLIAM BRANGHAM: All right, Justin Sherman at Duke Universityús Sanford School of Public Policy, thank you so much.

JUSTIN SHERMAN: Thanks for having me.

JOHN YANG: The sport of swimming is dominated by white athletes.

Today only 2 percent of all college swimmers are black.

But one school is trying to change that.

Since 2016, Howard University has been the only historically black school with a swim team.

Stephanie Sy has more on Howardús push to bring more diversity to the sport.

STEPHANIE SY: This week, Howard Universityús swim team is set to compete in their conference championship.

If they win, it will be the first title in more than 30 years.

Howard is home to about a third of all black college swimmers.

But the team hopes their success will inspire more black Americans to take the dive.

Howard swim Coach Nick Askew, you joins me now.

Coach Nick, thank you so much for joining us.

How are you feeling going into the conference championship?

NICHOLAS ASKEW, Director of Swimming and Diving, Howard University: Stephanie, Iúm feeling super good.

Right now our team has done the work.

And theyúre so excited to be able to be in Geneva, Ohio, at the spire Institute, and just have some fun.

STEPHANIE SY: I just want to ask you about this team.

And what makes it so special, because I hear that you have quite a crowd showing up at your means.

NICHOLAS ASKEW: Yes, our home events are just that they are events, we took a lot of time thinking about how can we get more people to come out and support this swimming and diving team.

Number one is music.

You got to have some music to keep the energy going in the crowd.

So we have an on deck DJ, for all of our home meets.

And weúve been doing that from the very beginning.

Number two, you got to offer some food.

So meats are hot, theyúre long, you donút want to lose your supporters because they were hungry.

And then number three, the thing that we work super, super hard on day in and day out, is making sure that we can deliver a product that people would be interested in.

Weúve got to be good enough to win.

We got to be good enough to compete against the top teams to make it exciting.

STEPHANIE SY: So youúre not just a coach, youúre a one man marketing team used to have worked.

I do want to talk about what is going on in the world of swimming when it comes to HBCUs.

Because from what I understand, itús only Howard at this point that has this program.

Why is that?

NICHOLAS ASKEW: Yes, weúre the standalone program.

Weúre glad to be that flagship.

Weúre hopeful, weúre praying that other HBCUs are taking note of the things that weúre able to do and capable of accomplishing and are inspired to bring their programs back.

Because prior to the 80s, there were 20 plus HBCUs that had swimming and diving programs.

There are so many young, black and brown children out there who are aspiring to swim at a collegiate level and want to have an HBCU experience.

STEPNANIE SY: Beyond HBCUs.

Why do you see such low participation in competitive swimming among black Americans?

And you kind of alluded to this, you feel like blacks have been shut out?

What do you mean by that go into a little bit of the history?

NICHOLAS ASKEW: Absolutely, we have to be honest about the lack of access.

You know, when there was integration, and people that live within the inner city were mostly minorities, and the people who moved out were mostly white.

And when they moved out of the area, the facilities that were there for public access, started to wear down to the point where they could not be operational.

Then on the contrast, you had country clubs opening up that, you know, the minorities were not able to get to.

And they were also denied membership.

You go even farther back, like people from Africa were swimmers.

They swam for their livelihood, because most of the civilizations were on waterways.

And then the transatlantic slave trade they were taking from their homeland, and they were enslaved.

And once they entered into the Americas, the civilizations were also in waterways, but they were seen as ways of escape by our ancestral people who could swim at the time, but they were threatened.

They were severely punished for trying to escape.

So as a loved one, of course, as a mother or a father or a sibling, youúre telling your family to stay away from the water.

And then, you know, fast forward into modern day history, being denied access on such a grand scale, really, really diminish the amount of people of color and other minorities that actually can swim, or will even pursue a competitive swim opportunities.

STEPNANIE SY It sounds like, Coach Nick, youúre on much more of a mission than just winning the championship next week, it sounds like you really have a point that you want to make.

NICHOLAS ASKEW: Yes, absolutely.

What we do and what we talked about as a program as an organization is we need to be that representation to dispel the myth that blacks donút swim, we actually do and we can do it very well, just like anyone else who has an opportunity and access.

STEPHANIE SY: What would you like to see the future be not only for the swim program at your college, but at other colleges?

And historically black colleges in particular?

NICHOLAS ASKEW: Yes, itúll swimming is based on time a fraction of a second.

So every little bit every small step in the right direction is success for us and weúre very exciting team.

We like to have fun, and weúd love for people to be inspired by that.

Weúd love for people to be able to see us as a representation of things that were not in our wheelhouse to be able to accomplish.

We want to be that inspiration for them in all aspects of life, not just in swimming.

STEPHANIE SY: Well, I wish you and your team the best of luck.

Coach Nick Askew, the director of tennis, swimming and diving at Howard University.

Thank you.

NICHOLAS ASKEW: Stephanie, thank you so much.

JOHN YANG: And that is "PBS News Weekend" for this Sunday.

On Monday, we begin a series marking one year since the full scale Russian invasion of Ukraine.

In the first installment Nick Schifrin reports on the drone war over the embattled Nation.

Iúm John Yang.

For all of my colleagues, thanks for joining us.

Have a good week.